In recent developments, the Arakan Army (AA), a rebel group operating in Myanmar, has claimed control over the Rakhine state, further escalating tensions in the region. This bold move has not only drawn attention to the Arakan Army but has also highlighted the broader conflict between ethnic minority rebel groups and the junta forces in Myanmar.
Arakan Army’s Claims and Actions
The Arakan Army’s assertion of control over Rakhine state and its demand to take possession of the city of Paletwa in the neighboring state of China have sparked concerns about the stability of the region. According to reports from Myanmar media outlet Irrawaddy, the Arakan Army declared its control last Thursday, claiming to have captured 142 army bases from the Junta forces.
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The Arakan Army cited a 45-day-long conflict against the Junta forces, leading to the retreat of the junta from Sittwe, the capital of Rakhine. Subsequently, the Arakan Army extended its control to 15 more cities in Rakhine state and occupied 17 strategic locations in Paletwa city.
Ongoing Clashes and Challenges
Despite gaining control of most of Rakhine, the Arakan Army continues to face resistance in towns like Mruk-U, Paktao, and Maungdoo. Clashes with junta forces near the Koe Thaung Pagoda in Mruk-U town resulted in the junta resorting to airstrikes against the Arakan Army, signaling an escalation in the conflict.
Recent reports also indicate ongoing clashes in the cities of Maungdoo and Paktawe, with the Arakan Army targeting the main base of the junta forces in Paletwa. The rebel group successfully drove out junta forces from forts of Paletwa, showcasing their determination to challenge the military regime.
Wider Rebellion and the Three Brotherhood Alliance
The Arakan Army’s actions are part of a broader trend of anti-junta rebel groups gaining ground across Myanmar. In Shan Province, ethnic minority fighters seized a trade center, marking a significant development. This comes in the wake of China’s promise to mediate a temporary ceasefire, highlighting the complexity of the geopolitical dynamics at play.
The Three Brotherhood Alliance, consisting of the Arakan Army (AA), Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), and Taang National Liberation Army (TNLA), has been at the forefront of this resistance. Their joint offensive, initiated in late October, has triggered conflicts in Myanmar’s northern state of Shan.
Analysts Perspectives
Analysts view the Three Brotherhood Alliance’s capture of military positions and border centers crucial for trade with China as the most significant military challenge to the junta since it assumed power in 2021. The alliance’s coordinated efforts and strategic gains underscore the persistent struggle against the military regime in Myanmar.
Background of The Arakan Army’s Rise to Prominence
Insurgents are fighting over two-thirds of Myanmar’s territory. More than 360 civilians have been killed in rebel-junta fighting in the past few months. More than five lakh people have been displaced in this conflict.
The AA, a rebel armed group currently claiming control over Myanmar’s Rakhine State, has a complex and multifaceted background rooted in historical, ethnic, and political dynamics. Understanding the genesis of the AA requires delving into the intricate tapestry of Myanmar’s history and the plight of the ethnic groups within the region.
Ethnic Complexity: Myanmar, characterized by its rich ethnic diversity, has long been a melting pot of cultures and communities. Rakhine State, situated in the western part of the country, is home to the Rohingya Muslims and the Rakhine Buddhists, among other ethnic groups. The Arakan Army’s emergence is deeply connected to the aspirations and grievances of the Rakhine people, who have historically felt marginalized and overlooked in the broader political landscape.
Historical Roots: The Arakan Army’s roots can be traced back to the tumultuous period of the late 20th century. The Arakanese, the majority ethnic group in Rakhine State, have faced discrimination and neglect from the central government. This discontentment fueled the emergence of various ethnic armed groups, including the Arakan Army, seeking autonomy and recognition for their cultural and political rights.
Struggle for Autonomy: The Arakan Army’s primary objective has been to establish autonomy for the Rakhine people, advocating for their right to self-determination. The group contends that Rakhine State has been subjected to economic deprivation and political marginalization, leading to widespread poverty and underdevelopment. In response to these perceived injustices, the Arakan Army embarked on a journey to secure autonomy and a more equitable distribution of resources.
Clashes with the Junta: The recent assertion of control over Rakhine State by the Arakan Army is a culmination of a protracted struggle against the military junta that has ruled Myanmar for decades. The junta, officially known as the State Administration Council, has been notorious for its oppressive measures and alleged human rights abuses. The Arakan Army’s resistance against the junta forces reflects a broader movement for democratic governance and the protection of ethnic rights.
Alliance Building: The Arakan Army’s significance is not confined to its regional aspirations alone. It is an integral part of the Three Brotherhood Alliance, along with the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) and the Taang National Liberation Army (TNLA). This alliance reflects a coordinated effort among ethnic armed groups to challenge the central authority and seek a more inclusive and representative political system.
International Implications: The Arakan Army’s actions also have international implications, particularly in the context of neighboring countries. The proximity of Rakhine State to China and its strategic importance in regional geopolitics add a layer of complexity to the situation. The Arakan Army’s demand to take possession of the city of Paletwa in the neighboring state of China underscores the geopolitical intricacies at play.
The Arakan Army’s recent claim of control over Myanmar’s Rakhine state has heightened tensions and drawn attention to the broader conflict between ethnic minority rebel groups and junta forces. The group’s actions, including capturing military bases and strategic locations, reflect a determined struggle against the military regime. The ongoing clashes and challenges, particularly in towns like Mruk-U and Paletwa, underscore the complexity of the situation.
Furthermore, the Arakan Army’s international implications, particularly in its proximity to China, add a layer of complexity to the geopolitical dynamics. As the situation unfolds, monitoring ongoing clashes, analyzing evolving dynamics, and considering broader implications for Myanmar’s political landscape remain crucial.
